JOSH MARIANELLI PHOTOGRAPHY

PHOTO ESSAYS: FBR: JUNGLE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE KAWTHOOLEI

Inside the Karen State, young students at the Free Burma Ranger Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei engage in a clincal teaching environment and provide aid and medical care to hundreds of local Karen and internally displaced people inside the conflict zones of Burma.  

Despite recent political reform, increasing promise of international support and recent ceasefire agreements, the Burmese Army continues to resupply and advance on ethnic states in parts of Burma. Human rights abuses are still a daily occurrence, villages are being burned and shelled and the number of internally displaced people inside Burma continues to grow. At a perceived historically pivotal moment, many ethnic communities question whether permanent change is truly possible or only a political state of mind.  

The Free Burma Rangers’ (FBR) mission is to provide hope, help and love to internally displaced people inside Burma, regardless of ethnicity or religion. Using a network of indigenous field teams, FBR reports on human rights abuses, casualties and the humanitarian needs of people who are under the oppression of the Burma Army. FBR provides medical, spiritual and educational resources for IDP communities as they struggle to survive Burmese military attacks. 

  • Walking anywhere between a couple hours and several days, team members of the Free Burma Rangers move between villages to provide medical aid in the ethnic states and conflict zones of Burma. Karen State, Burma.
  • Naw Paw Tha, a medical student at the Free Burma Ranger Jungle School of Medicine, treats a women diagnosed with severe dysentery and dehydration in her home. Naw Paw Tha traveled for 2 hours through the jungle in the early morning hours after being awoken by another villager informing her that this woman, in a neighboring village, was sick, to ill to move and in need of urgent care.
  • Silver Horn, a member of the Free Burma Rangers examines a women's eye for cataracts.
  • Students of the Free Burma Ranger's medical program move supplies and medicine to the Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei clinic. Due to the terrain and existing infrastructure all supplies, including the majority of their food, has to be carried in by hand or mule.
  • Students in class at the Free Burma Ranger Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei.
  • Toh, a medic with the Free Burma Rangers and staff member of the Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei, performs a minor surgery on a patient's mouth as younger medical students watch and learn.
  • Naw Khu Khu Say, a medical student, checks vital signs of an in-patient at the Free Burma Ranger medical clinic at the Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei. This patient was diagnosed with a severe case of staff infection in her left shoulder and left hip, a life threatening infection that was succesfully operated on. Common diseases inside Burma include malaria, typhus, diarrhea with dehydration, dysentery, pneumonia, typhoid and minor and major trauma from daily life and the continuing conflict with the Burmese Army.
  • Naw Gay Nya Paw, a medical student, explains a course of antibiotic to a patient at the Free Burma Rangers medical clinic at the Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei. Common diseases inside Burma include malaria, typhus, diarrhea with dehydration, dysentery, pneumonia, typhoid and minor and major trauma from daily life and the continuing conflict with the Burmese Army.
  • A Karen village in Burma. Villagers craft their homes from local hardwood, typically teak and bamboo, using machetes and hand saws.
  • Karen villager's hike across demanding terrain in order to receive medical aid at the Free Burma Ranger Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei medical clinics. The four individuals in the foreground, hiked 4 hours from a neighboring village, trekking through the jungle and crossing multiple rivers to receive medical care.
  • After a strenuous 4 hour hike to get to the nearest medical clinic. A Karen woman is diagnosed by medical staff and students at the Free Burma Ranger Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei.
  • An expecting mother awaits diagnosis and treatment at the Free Burma Ranger's Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei out-patient clinic.
  • Saw Hsa Htoo, medical student at the Free Burma Ranger's Jungle School of Medicine, provides an ultrasound examination on an expecting mother who had never seen or been treated with ultrasound during her previous 3 pregnancies.
  • Saw Hsa Htoo, medical student at the Free Burma Ranger's Jungle School of Medicine, exams a patient's blood, looking for signs of malaria.
  • After a strenuous 3 hour hike to get the FBR JSMK medical clinic. A young husband and wife begin the return hike home to their village after receiving a diagnosis and ultrasound. The couple received a healthy diagnosis and are 7 months into their pregnancy.
  • Naw Khu Khu Say, a medical student, checks vital signs of an in-patient at the Free Burma Ranger medical clinic at the Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei. Common diseases inside Burma include malaria, typhus, diarrhea with dehydration, dysentery, pneumonia, typhoid and minor and major trauma from daily life and the continuing conflict with the Burmese Army.
  • An in-patient at the Free Burma Ranger's medical clinic at the Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei.
  • Medical staff and students on a night shift rotation at the Free Burma Ranger Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei in-patient clinic.
  • A mother watches over her young daughter who has been diagnosed with severe malaria at the Free Burma Ranger Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei in-patient clinic.
  • The Free Burma Ranger Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei in-patient clinic is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Patients arrive at all hours of the day, after a journey that can range between 2 hours and several days, to receive medical care and treatment.
  • Walking anywhere between a couple hours and several days, team members of the Free Burma Rangers move between villages to provide medical aid. The dense jungle environment provides added challenges and dangers, increasing the physical demand. Karen State, Burma.
  • A Free Burma Ranger medical relief team hikes to a neighboring village to provide medical aid to local villagers in the Karen State of Burma. On average FBR medical field teams will hike and travel between 2 hours and several days to reach villages and villagers in need of medical aid.
  • Walking anywhere between a couple hours and several days, team members of the Free Burma Rangers move between villages to provide medical aid. A local villager takes advantage of a gravity feed bamboo water system, used for personal hygiene, water collection and laundry. Karen State, Burma.
  • Toh, a medic with the Free Burma Rangers and staff member of the Jungle School of Medicine, prays for a patient while out on a field mission. Villagers use a bamboo hammock stretcher to carry a young girl who has a severe case of staff infection to the JSMK clinic two hours away. This patient was diagnosed with a severe case of staff infection in her left shoulder and left hip, a life threatening infection that was successfully operated on.
  • Villagers use a bamboo hammock stretcher to carry a young girl who has a severe case of staff infection to the JSMK clinic two hours away. This patient was diagnosed with a severe case of staff infection in her left shoulder and left hip, a life threatening infection that was succesfully operated on.
  • A Free Burma Ranger camp in the jungles of the Karen State. FBR expedition teams travel, with support from the KNU and KNLA, through the Karen State, moving between villages to provide medical aid.
  • The rugged jungle environment, making up the majority of the Karen State in Burma, creates added challenges and dangers, increasing the physical demand of logistically moving between villages and providing medical aid.
  • A cooking fire illuminates the interior of a Karen home.
  • A portrait of a Karen woman in her home, who's lips are stained from chewing local beetle nut.
  • Naw Shah Moo, a student at the Free Burma Ranger Jungle School of Medicine diagnosis a patient at the JSMK outpatient clinic. Common diseases inside Burma include malaria, typhus, diarrhea with dehydration, dysentery, pneumonia, typhoid and minor and major trauma from daily life and the continuing conflict with the Burmese Army.
  • A young patient, diagnosed with severe malaria at the Free Burma Ranger's Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei.  Common diseases inside Burma include malaria, typhus, diarrhea with dehydration, dysentery, pneumonia, typhoid and minor and major trauma from daily life and the continuing conflict with the Burmese Army.
  • A young patient, diagnosed with severe malaria at the Free Burma Ranger's Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei.  Common diseases inside Burma include malaria, typhus, diarrhea with dehydration, dysentery, pneumonia, typhoid and minor and major trauma from daily life and the continuing conflict with the Burmese Army.
  • Inpatients at the Free Burma Ranger's medical clinic at the Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei.
  • Students at the Free Burma Ranger Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei take their final medical exam. The exam was offered in English, Burmese and Karen to accommodate the needs of the 20 enrolled students in the 2011-2012 program.
  • Free Burma Ranger staff and security check and inspect weapons and receive weapon handing training.
  • Free Burma Ranger staff and security check and inspect weapons and receive weapon handling training.
  • Patients at the Free Burma Ranger's Jungle School of Medicine Kawthoolei outpatient clinic.
  • Naw Paw Khu Htee, a medical student at the Free Burma Ranger's Jungle School of Medicine, takes a break from her studies and practices guitar in the women's dormitory.
  • Free Burma Ranger expedition and relief teams travel, with support from the KNU and KNLA, through the Karen State, moving between villages to provide medical aid.
  • A Free Burma Ranger expedition teams travel, with support from the KNU and KNLA, through the Karen State, moving between villages to provide medical aid. Occasionally, mule support is used to help ease the load and transport supplies over long distances.
  • A cross carved into the dirt on a jungle trail in the Karen State of Burma. Animism, Buddhism and Christianitty dominate the majority of religious beliefs within Karen communities.
  • Detail of a medical kit.
  • Karen National Liberation Army soldiers.
  • Medical staff and students of the Free Burma Ranger's Jungle School of Medicine Kathoolei play a competitive game of Takraw in camp. Takraw is a skill ball game that requires each team to pass the ball over the net and within the court boundaries using only their heads and feet, touching the ball a maximum of three times on each play. The team who fails this, gives up a point and each game is played to 15 points. (From left to right) The camps outpatient clinic, classroom and women's dormitory line the hillside.
  • Free Burma Ranger expedition and relief teams travel through the Karen State, moving between villages to provide medical aid.
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